The Prussian Class S 10 was used for express train locomotives on the Prussian state railways. These locomotives shared a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement. The class was grouped into four smaller sub-classes. These were the S 10, the S 10.1 (which had versions from 1911 and 1914), and the S 10.2. Because early 1900s passenger express locomotives in Prussia were not powerful enough, the state railways ordered the Class S 10 from Schwartzkopff. Built as an improved version of the Prussian P 8, the S 10 used a four-cylinder simple-expansion engine (influenced by the Saxon XII H), and 202 were produced from 1910 to 1914, with a few similar engines also delivered to the Lübeck-Büchen Railway. Later changes could not overcome the S 10’s poor efficiency, making it one of the most uneconomical Prussian locomotives. The Deutsche Reichsbahn operated 135 of them as Class 17.0-1 until they were withdrawn by 1935 for high fuel use; only three survived World War II as braking locomotives, and the last was retired in 1954. While the Prussian S 10 was starting production, Henschel was also ordered to build a different, more economical compound locomotive, the S 10.1. Built from 1911 to 1914, 135 were made for Prussia and 17 for Alsace-Lorraine, and after early problems the design was improved, leading to a 1914 variant. After serving in various railways and later being modernised or withdrawn, the last S 10.1s were taken out of service in East Germany in 1963, with one preserved today in Dresden. Problems with the earlier 1911 S 10.1, such as hard access to internal gear and long steam pipes, led Prussian state railways to redesign the engine for the 1914 variant. The four cylinders were moved to a slant and the boiler was enlarged, and the running plate was raised for a newer look, even though the boiler’s height above the rails stayed the same. These locomotives were among Prussia’s most powerful express trains, one reaching about 152 km/h in trials, and later 77 were taken into the Deutsche Reichsbahn as Class 17.11–12; in the GDR two were fitted with coal-dust firing, and none were preserved after the last was retired in 1964. The Class S 10.2 was built by Stettiner Maschinenbau AG Vulcan using the S 10 design, but unlike the S 10 it had three cylinders while being otherwise largely the same. The Prussian state railways bought 124 of these locomotives starting in 1914; after the First World War, 28 were transferred abroad, while the Deutsche Reichsbahn took the remaining 96 and classified them as Class 17.2, with others later partly replaced by Class 03. In total, 88 survived World War II and went to the Deutsche Bundesbahn, retiring them by 1948, and the S 10.2s used pr 2'2' T 31.5 tenders.

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