The Rodrigues night heron was a species of heron that lived on Rodrigues island in the Indian Ocean. It was first mentioned in the 17th and 18th centuries and later identified through remains found in the 19th century. The bird was a large-headed heron and part of the night heron genus. The species was estimated to be 60 cm long and had a robust build with short legs. It is believed to have eaten lizards and was adapted for running but rarely flew. The species became extinct due to human-related factors such as the introduction of cats. The Rodrigues night heron, also known as the Mascarene night heron, was first mentioned in the 1700s by a French traveler who observed the local fauna on Rodrigues Island. Fossil bones of the heron were later discovered and identified by French zoologist Alphonse Milne-Edwards. Over the years, the taxonomy of the heron has been debated and it is now believed to be closely related to the black-crowned night heron. The heron's flight capabilities are diminished compared to its ancestors, likely due to adapting to a terrestrial lifestyle on the island. The Rodrigues night heron had a robust build, with a large bill and short, strong legs. There was a size and shape difference between male and female specimens, with the male being larger. The bone measurements of the Rodrigues night heron show that it was estimated to be 60 cm long. The appearance of the bird is uncertain, with some accounts suggesting it had buffish and mottled plumage, while others suggested it was grey with white-tipped feathers. It is thought that the Mascarene herons retained their juvenile plumage into adulthood. The behaviour of the Rodrigues night heron is not well-documented, but it is believed to have been tame and unafraid of humans. It likely fed on snails, geckos, and possibly giant tortoise eggs and hatchlings. The bird may have lived in open forests and nested on the ground or in low bushes. Unfortunately, like many other species on Rodrigues, it became extinct due to human arrival and the damage to the island's ecosystem. The Rodrigues night heron has weak wings and a bulky body, with short legs in proportion to its large head. Some scientists believed it had become flightless, while others argued that it was still capable of flight but had adapted to a more terrestrial lifestyle. Recent research suggests that it was "behaviourally flightless", meaning it could fly if necessary but preferred to walk and run. Its strong leg adaptations were likely influenced by the lack of wetlands on Rodrigues.

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